冠狀病毒Coronavirusl論文-2006 [Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology] The Nidoviruses Volume 581 __ Mustela Vison ACE2 Functions as a Rec.pdf

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1、MUSTELAVISONACE2FUNCTIONSASARECEPTORFORSARS-CORONAVIRUSLindsayK.Heller,LauraGillim-Ross,EmilyR.Olivieri,andDavidE.Wentworth*1.INTRODUCTIONCoronaviruses(CoVs),membersoftheorderNidovirales,areenveloped,positive-1sense,single-strandedRNAviruses.ThegenomesofCoVsareamongthelargestof1known

2、RNAviruses,andrangeinsizefrom27to32kilobasesinlength.Duringreplicationwithinthehostcell,allNidoviralesproduceasetof3’nestedtranscriptsthat1shareashortleadersequenceatthe5’terminus.CoVsareknownfortheircrown-likeappearance,whichisduetothespike(S)glycoproteinsprojectingfromthesurfaceoft

3、hevirion.InteractionofSandcellularreceptorsfacilitatesentryofthevirus,andthisinteractionisaprincipalfactorinthetissuetropismandthespeciesspecificityofCoVs.In2002–2003,therewasanoutbreakofsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)inGuangdongProvince,China.Thisoutbreaksubsequentlyaffected29c

4、ountriesand2resultedin8,096casesofSARS,ofwhich774werefatal.ThecausativeagentwasdeterminedtobeapreviouslyunrecognizedCoV,whichbecameknownasSARS-CoV.TheSARS-CoVoutbreaklikelyresultedfromzoonotictransmission.AlthoughSARS-CoVwasisolatedfromseveralspecies,thenaturalreservoirofitsprogenito

5、rremainstobediscovered.Oftheanimalsexaminedtodate,SARS-CoVwasmostfrequentlyisolatedfromHimalayanpalmcivets,whicharesoldinliveanimalmarketsinGuangdongandin3otherregionsofSoutheastAsia.TherolepalmcivetsplayedintheSARSoutbreakisunclear.However,SARS-CoV-likevirusesisolatedfrompalmcivetsa

6、ppearedtobeunderstrongselectivepressureandaregeneticallymostsimilartovirusesinfecting4humansearlyintheoutbreak.Theselectivepressureofreplicationinpalmcivetmayhavegeneratedstrainsthatcouldbemoreeasilytransmittedtohumans.PalmcivetsarecarnivoresinthesuborderFissipedia.OtherFissipediainc

7、luderaccoondog,dog,cat,raccoon,skunk,ferret(Mustelaputorius),andmink(Mustelavison).SARS-CoV-like3viruswasalsodetectedinaraccoondoginaliveanimalmarket.Furthermore,Fissipedia*LindsayHeller,LauraGillim-Ross,NewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth,Albany,NewYork12002.EmilyOlivieri,DavidE.Wentwort

8、h,NewYorkSta