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1、CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionEpidemiologyProgramOfficeCaseStudiesinAppliedEpidemiologyNo.871-703ScreeningforAntibodytotheHumanImmunodeficiencyVirusStudent'sGuideLearningObjectivesAftercompletingthiscasestudy,theparticipantshouldbeableto:GDefineand
2、performcalculationsofsensitivity,specificity,predictive-valuepositive,andpredictive-valuenegative;GDescribetherelationshipbetweenprevalenceandpredictivevalue;GDiscussthetrade-offsbetweensensitivityandspecificity;GListtheprinciplesofagoodscreeningprogram.T
3、hiscasestudywasdevelopedin1987byLylePeterson,GuthrieBirkhead,andRichardDicker.U.S.DEPARTMENTOFHEALTHANDHUMANSERVICESPublicHealthServiceCDC-EIS,2003:ScreeningforHIV(871-703)–Student'sGuidePage2PARTIInDecember1982,areportintheMMWRsymptomsandsignsofHIVinfect
4、ion,thosewithdescribedthreepersonswhohaddevelopedvariousautoimmunedisordersandneoplasticacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)butdiseasesthatcouldgiveafalse-positivetestwhohadneitherofthepreviouslyknownriskresult,andpresumablyhealthybloodandfactorsforthed
5、isease:homosexual/bisexualplasmadonors.activitywithnumerouspartnersandintravenousdruguse.ThesethreepersonshadpreviouslyNumerouscomplexissueswerediscussedevenreceivedwhole-bloodtransfusions.By1983,beforelicensure.Amongthemwerewidespreadrecognitionoftheprob
6、lemofunderstandingthemagnitudeoftheproblemoftransfusion-relatedAIDSledtocontroversialfalse-positivetestresults,anddeterminingrecommendationsthatpersonsinknownwhethertest-positiveblooddonorsshouldbehigh-riskgroupsvoluntarilydeferfromdonatingnotified.blood.
7、InJune1984,afterthediscoveryofthehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV),fiveItisnowMarch2,1985.ThefirstHIVantibodycompanieswerelicensedtoproducetestkitswillarriveinbloodbanksinthestateinaenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(EIA,thenfewhours.MeetingwithStateEpidemiolo
8、gisttocalledELISA)testkitsfordetectingHIVdiscusstheappropriateuseofthistestaretheantibody.AFoodandDrugAdministrationCommissionerofHealth,themedicaldirectorof(FDA)spokesmanstatedthat,"...gettingthistesttheregionalblo
