資源描述：
《學術(shù)英語(社科)聽力原文及翻譯》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在工程資料-天天文庫。
1、1.Unit1Businessesarestructuredindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneeds.Thesimplestformofbusinessiscalledanindividualorsoleproprietorship.Theproprietor(經(jīng)營者)ownsallofthepropertyofthebusinessandisresponsibleforeverything.Forlegalpurposes,withthiskindofbusiness,theownerandthecompanyarethesame.
2、Thismeansthattheproprietorgetstokeepalloftheprofitsofthebusiness,butalsomustpayanydebts.Anotherkindofbusinessisthepartnership.Twoormorepeoplegointobusinesstogether.Anagreementisusuallyneededtodecidehowmuchofthepartnershipeachpersoncontrols.Onekindofpartnershipiscalledalimitedliability
3、partnership.Thesehavefullpartnersandlimitedpartners.Limitedpartnersmaynotshareasmuchintheprofits,buttheyalsohavelessresponsibilitiesforthebusiness.Doctors,lawyersandaccountantsoftenformpartnershipstosharetheirrisksandprofits.Ahusbandandwifecanformabusinesspartnershiptogether.Partnersh
4、ipsexistonlyforaslongastheownersremainalive.Thesameistrueofindividualproprietorships.Butcorporationsaredesignedtohaveanunlimitedlifetime.Acorporationisthemostcomplexkindofbusinessorganization.Corporationscansellstockasawaytoraisemoney.Stockrepresentssharesofownershipinacompany.Investo
5、rswhobuystockcantradetheirsharesorkeepthemaslongasthecompanyisinbusiness.Acompanymightusesomeofitsearningstopaydividends(紅利)asarewardtoshareholders.Orthecompanymightreinvestthemoneyintothebusiness.Ifshareslosevalue,investorscanloseallofthemoneytheypaidfortheirstock.Butshareholdersaren
6、otresponsibleforthedebtsofthecorporation.Acorporationisrecognizedasanentity(實體)——itsownlegalbeing,separatefromitsowners.Aboardofdirectorscontrolcorporatepolicies.Thedirectorsappointtopcompanyofficers.Thedirectorsmightormightnotholdsharesinthecorporation.Ifshareslosevalue,investorscanl
7、oseallofthemoneytheypaidfortheirstock.Butnotallcorporationsaretraditionalbusinessesthatsellstock.Somenonprofitgroupsarealsoorganizedascorporations.2.Unit2InthepastthreeweekIhaveintroducedyoutotheideasandmethodsofeconomics.Inthenextweek,wewillstartlearningmore,inmoredetailtheprinciples
8、ofeco
