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《【素材】Module 3 文本 Literature 外研》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫(kù)。
1、LiteratureOldbookbindingsattheMertonCollegelibrary.Literatureistheartofwrittenworks.Literallytranslated,thewordmeans"acquaintancewithletters"(fromLatinlitteraletter).InWesternculturethemostbasicwrittenliterarytypesincludefictionandnon-fiction.DefinitionsLiteratureMajorformsNovel?·Poem?·D
2、ramaShortstory?·NovellaGenresEpic?·Lyric?·DramaRomance?·SatireTragedy?·ComedyTragicomedyMediaPerformance(play)?·BookTechniquesProse?·PoetryHistoryandlistsBasictopics?·LiterarytermsHistory?·ModernhistoryBooks?·WritersLiteraryawards?·PoetryawardsDiscussionCriticism?·Theory?·MagazinesThewor
3、d"literature"hasdifferentmeaningsdependingonwhoisusingit.Itcouldbeappliedbroadlytomeananysymbolicrecord,encompassingeverythingfromimagesandsculpturestoletters.Inamorenarrowsensethetermcouldmeanonlytextcomposedofletters,orotherexamplesofsymbolicwrittenlanguage(Egyptianhieroglyphs,forexamp
4、le).Anevenmorenarrowinterpretationisthattexthaveaphysicalform,suchasonpaperorsomeotherportableform,totheexclusionofinscriptionsordigitalmedia.TheMuslimscholarandphilosopherImamJa'faral-Sadiq(702-765AD)definedLiteratureasfollows:"Literatureisthegarmentwhichoneputsonwhathesaysorwritessotha
5、titmayappearmoreattractive."[1]addedthatliteratureisasliceoflifethathasbeengivendirectionandmeaning,anartisticinterpretationoftheworldaccordingtothepercipient'spointofviews.Frequently,thetextsthatmakeupliteraturecrossedovertheseboundaries.RussianFormalistRomanJakobsondefinesliteratureas"
6、organizedviolencecommittedonordinaryspeech",highlightingliterature'sdeviationfromtheday-to-dayandconversationalstructureofwords.Illustratedstories,hypertexts,cavepaintingsandinscribedmonumentshaveallatonetimeoranotherpushedtheboundariesof"literature."Peoplemayperceiveadifferencebetween"l
7、iterature"andsomepopularformsofwrittenwork.Theterms"literaryfiction"and"literarymerit"oftenservetodistinguishbetweenindividualworks.Forexample,almostallliteratepeopleperceivetheworksofCharlesDickensas"literature,"whereassomecritics[citationneeded]lookdownontheworksofJeffr
