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1、LiteratureOldbookbindingsattheMertonCollegelibrary.Literatureistheartofwrittenworks.Literallytranslated,thewordmeans"acquaintancewithletters"(fromLatinlitteraletter).InWesternculturethemostbasicwrittenliterarytypesincludefictionandnon-fiction.DefinitionsLite
2、ratureMajorformsNovel?·Poem?·DramaShortstory?·NovellaGenresEpic?·Lyric?·DramaRomance?·SatireTragedy?·ComedyTragicomedyMediaPerformance(play)?·BookTechniquesProse?·PoetryHistoryandlistsBasictopics?·LiterarytermsHistory?·ModernhistoryBooks?·WritersLiteraryawar
3、ds?·PoetryawardsDiscussionCriticism?·Theory?·MagazinesTheword"literature"hasdifferentmeaningsdependingonwhoisusingit.Itcouldbeappliedbroadlytomeananysymbolicrecord,encompassingeverythingfromimagesandsculpturestoletters.Inamorenarrowsensethetermcouldmeanonlyt
4、extcomposedofletters,orotherexamplesofsymbolicwrittenlanguage(Egyptianhieroglyphs,forexample).Anevenmorenarrowinterpretationisthattexthaveaphysicalform,suchasonpaperorsomeotherportableform,totheexclusionofinscriptionsordigitalmedia.TheMuslimscholarandphiloso
5、pherImamJa'faral-Sadiq(702-765AD)definedLiteratureasfollows:"Literatureisthegarmentwhichoneputsonwhathesaysorwritessothatitmayappearmoreattractive."[1]addedthatliteratureisasliceoflifethathasbeengivendirectionandmeaning,anartisticinterpretationoftheworldacco
6、rdingtothepercipient'spointofviews.Frequently,thetextsthatmakeupliteraturecrossedovertheseboundaries.RussianFormalistRomanJakobsondefinesliteratureas"organizedviolencecommittedonordinaryspeech",highlightingliterature'sdeviationfromtheday-to-dayandconversatio
7、nalstructureofwords.Illustratedstories,hypertexts,cavepaintingsandinscribedmonumentshaveallatonetimeoranotherpushedtheboundariesof"literature."Peoplemayperceiveadifferencebetween"literature"andsomepopularformsofwrittenwork.Theterms"literaryfiction"and"litera
8、rymerit"oftenservetodistinguishbetweenindividualworks.Forexample,almostallliteratepeopleperceivetheworksofCharlesDickensas"literature,"whereassomecritics[citationneeded]lookdownontheworksofJeffr
