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1、LiteratureOldbookbindingsattheMertonCollegelibrary.Literatureistheartofwrittenworks.Literallytranslated,thewordmeans"acquaintancewithletters"(fromLatinlitteraletter).InWesternculturethemostbasicwrittenliterarytypesincludefictionandnon-fiction.DefinitionsLitera
2、tureMajorformsNovel?·Poem?·DramaShortstory?·NovellaGenresEpic?·Lyric?·DramaRomance?·SatireTragedy?·ComedyTragicomedyMediaPerformance(play)?·BookTechniquesProse?·PoetryHistoryandlistsBasictopics?·LiterarytermsHistory?·ModernhistoryBooks?·WritersLiteraryawards?·
3、PoetryawardsDiscussionCriticism?·Theory?·MagazinesTheword"literature"hasdifferentmeaningsdependingonwhoisusingit.Itcouldbeappliedbroadlytomeananysymbolicrecord,encompassingeverythingfromimagesandsculpturestoletters.Inamorenarrowsensethetermcouldmeanonlytextcom
4、posedofletters,orotherexamplesofsymbolicwrittenlanguage(Egyptianhieroglyphs,forexample).Anevenmorenarrowinterpretationisthattexthaveaphysicalform,suchasonpaperorsomeotherportableform,totheexclusionofinscriptionsordigitalmedia.TheMuslimscholarandphilosopherImam
5、Ja'faral-Sadiq(702-765AD)definedLiteratureasfollows:"Literatureisthegarmentwhichoneputsonwhathesaysorwritessothatitmayappearmoreattractive."[1]addedthatliteratureisasliceoflifethathasbeengivendirectionandmeaning,anartisticinterpretationoftheworldaccordingtothe
6、percipient'spointofviews.Frequently,thetextsthatmakeupliteraturecrossedovertheseboundaries.RussianFormalistRomanJakobsondefinesliteratureas"organizedviolencecommittedonordinaryspeech",highlightingliterature'sdeviationfromtheday-to-dayandconversationalstructure
7、ofwords.Illustratedstories,hypertexts,cavepaintingsandinscribedmonumentshaveallatonetimeoranotherpushedtheboundariesof"literature."Peoplemayperceiveadifferencebetween"literature"andsomepopularformsofwrittenwork.Theterms"literaryfiction"and"literarymerit"oftens
8、ervetodistinguishbetweenindividualworks.Forexample,almostallliteratepeopleperceivetheworksofCharlesDickensas"literature,"whereassomecritics[citationneeded]lookdownontheworksofJeffr
