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《【素材】Module 4 文本 Music (外研)》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在應(yīng)用文檔-天天文庫(kù)。
1、MusicPerformingartsMajorformsDance?·Music?·Opera?·TheatreMinorformsCircusArtsGenresDrama?·Tragedy?·Comedy?·Tragicomedy?·Romance?·Satire?·Epic?·LyricMusicisanartformwhosemediumissoundorganizedintime.Commonelementsofmusicarepitch(whichgovernsmelodyandharmony),rhythm(anditsassociatedconc
2、eptstempo,meter,andarticulation),dynamics,andthesonicqualitiesoftimbreandtexture.ThewordderivesfromGreekμουσικ?(mousike),"(art)oftheMuses".[1]Thecreation,performance,significance,andeventhedefinitionofmusicvaryaccordingtocultureandsocialcontext.Musicrangesfromstrictlyorganizedcomposit
3、ions(andtheirrecreationinperformance),throughimprovisationalmusictoaleatoricforms.Musiccanbedividedintogenresandsubgenres,althoughthedividinglinesandrelationshipsbetweenmusicgenresareoftensubtle,sometimesopentoindividualinterpretation,andoccasionallycontroversial.Within"thearts",music
4、maybeclassifiedasaperformingart,afineart,andauditoryart.Topeopleinmanycultures,musicisinextricablyintertwinedintotheirwayoflife.GreekphilosophersandancientIndiansdefinedmusicastonesorderedhorizontallyasmelodiesandverticallyasharmonies.Commonsayingssuchas"theharmonyofthespheres"and"iti
5、smusictomyears"pointtothenotionthatmusicisoftenorderedandpleasanttolistento.However,20th-centurycomposerJohnCagethoughtthatanysoundcanbemusic,saying,forexample,"Thereisnonoise,onlysound."[2]AccordingtomusicologistJean-JacquesNattiez,"theborderbetweenmusicandnoiseisalwaysculturallydefi
6、ned—whichimpliesthat,evenwithinasinglesociety,thisborderdoesnotalwayspassthroughthesameplace;inshort,thereisrarelyaconsensus.…Byallaccountsthereisnosingleandinterculturaluniversalconceptdefiningwhatmusicmightbe,exceptthatitis'soundthroughtime'."[3]HistoryPrehistoricerasandantiquityThe
7、developmentofmusicamonghumansmusthavetakenplaceagainstthebackdropofnaturalsoundssuchasbirdsongandthesoundsotheranimalsusetocommunicate.[citationneeded]Prehistoricmusicisthenamewhichisgiventoallmusicproducedinpreliteratecultures.[citationneeded][4]Ancientmusiccanonlybeimaginedbyscholar
8、s,bas
