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1、ReviewsinMEDICALVIROLOGYVOL.4:35-46(1994)HumanCoronaviruses:ABriefReviewS.H.MyintDepartmentofClitzica1Virology,UniversityofLeicesferMedicalSchool,LeicesterLEI9HN,UK.INTRODUCTIONvirusesweresubsequentlytermedcoronavirusesbecauseofthecrownofsurfaceprojectionsthatthey~ossessed.~Atthe
2、beginningofthiscentury,mostoftheeffortaimedatdefiningthecauseofcommoncoldswasspentsearchingTHECORONAVIRUSFAMILYforabacterialaetiology.ItwasnotuntiltheworkofDochezandhiscolleaguesattheRockefellerInstituteinSincethelate1960stherehavebeenthreereportsoftheNewYorkinthe1930sthatviruses
3、wereconsideredtobecoronavirusstudygroup,a’vertebratevirus’subcommitteethelikelycausativeagents.’TheirworkwithchimpanzeesoftheInternationalCommitteeonTaxonomyofViruses,andhumanvolunteersshowedthatfilterednasalsecretionsandtherearenowalargenumberofvirusesacceptedintowereabletocause
4、coldsininoculatedchimpanzeesandthemonogenericfamilyCoronaviridae;’therearealsoisolatedvolunteers.Thenextmajoradvanceawaitedtheseveralviruseswhichareputativecoronaviruses.Thedevelopmentofcellculturetechniquesinthe1950swhenacceptedvirusesandthehostspeciesarelistedinTable1.Enderssho
5、wedthatpoliomyelitisviruscouldbepropa-Allthevirusesarehost-specificandcauserespiratoryorgatedinhumankidneycells.Thistechniquewasappliedtogastrointestinaldisease,andsomearealsoresponsiblefortheisolationofcommoncoldviruses,andin1956ECHOdiseaseofthenervoussystem.Thebasicstructureand
6、28(alsoinitiallycalledJ.H.or2060)wasisolatedinmonkeybiologyofallcoronavirusesareessentiallythesame.kidneycells;’thisvirusisnowknowntobearhinovirus.ByThereareonlytwosero-groupsofhumancoronavirus1965,itwasknownthataswellasrhinoviruses,adeno-(HCV)thathavebeencharacterisedindetail:th
7、esehaveviruses,myxoviruses(influenzaandparainfluenzavirusesHCV-229EandHCV-OC43astherepresentativestrains.andrespiratorysyncytialvirus)andenteroviruseswereallOtherstrainsmentionedintheliteratureinclude€3814,causativeagentsofthecommoncold.Yet,asubstantialEVS,LPand692andseveralOC(fo
8、r’organculture’)proportionofcoldsseemedn
